收获期对青贮玉米青贮品质及体外发酵特性的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2019.11.010

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (11): 2264-2272.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2019.11.010

收获期对青贮玉米青贮品质及体外发酵特性的影响

杨大盛¹, 汪水平^1,4,5*, 贺喜全², 李海强³, 汤少勋^2*, 卢琦³, 范定坤^1,4, 杨鑫^1,5

1. 西南大学动物科学学院, 重庆 402460;
2. 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所, 亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室, 畜禽养殖污染控制与资源化技术国家工程实验室, 农业部中南动物营养与饲料科学观测实验站, 湖南省畜禽健康养殖工程技术中心, 长沙 410125;
3. 贵州大学动物科学学院, 贵阳 550025;
4. 习水富兴牧业有限公司, 习水 556400;
5. 白玉县牧旺农业科技有限公司/白玉县玉牧康源牧业有限公司, 白玉 627150

收稿日期:2019-05-27 出版日期:2019-11-23 发布日期:2019-11-23
通讯作者: 汪水平,主要从事草食牲畜营养与饲料研究,E-mail:wangshuiping1979@sina.com;汤少勋,主要从事反刍动物营养研究,E-mail:shaoxuntang@163.com
作者简介:杨大盛(1992-),男,重庆璧山人,硕士生,主要从事动物生态营养与环境研究,E-mail:1134098440@qq.com;汪水平(1979-),男,湖北浠水人,博士后,副教授,硕士生导师。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0500500）；湖南省科技重大专项项目（2017NK1020）；四川省科技计划项目（2019YFN0080）；四川省政府采购项目（5133312019000129）

Effect of Harvest Time on Silage Quality and in vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Silage Maize

YANG Dasheng¹, WANG Shuiping^1,4,5*, HE Xiquan², LI Haiqiang³, TANG Shaoxun^2*, LU Qi³, FAN Dingkun^1,4, YANG Xin^1,5

1. College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China;
2. Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
3. College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
4. Xishui Fuxing Husbandry Co., Ltd., Xishui 556400, China;
5. Baiyu Muwang Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. /Baiyu Yumu Kangyuan Husbandry Co., Ltd., Baiyu 627150, China

Received:2019-05-27 Online:2019-11-23 Published:2019-11-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在研究收获期对青贮玉米青贮品质及体外发酵特性的影响。本研究以青贮玉米品种科玉1108为试验材料，分别在乳熟中期、乳熟后期、蜡熟初期及蜡熟中期收获青贮玉米，评定其青贮90 d的品质，再通过体外产气法，进行72 h发酵培养。结果表明：1）在青贮前，随收获期的延长，青贮玉米全株生物量（一次线性，P<0.000 1）、秸秆生物量（一次线性，P=0.019 0）、籽实生物量（一次线性，P<0.000 1）、百粒重（一次线性，P<0.000 1；二次曲线，P=0.006）、籽实占比（一次线性，P<0.000 1）及粗脂肪含量（一次线性，P=0.037）均增加，秸秆占比（一次线性，P<0.000 1）与粗蛋白质含量（一次线性，P=0.028）均降低，中性洗涤纤维含量（二次曲线，P=0.029）与酸性洗涤纤维含量（二次曲线，P=0.067）均先下降后上升，水溶性碳水化合物含量（二次曲线，P=0.001）先上升后下降；2）在青贮过程中，随收获期的延长，青贮玉米异戊酸摩尔比例（一次线性，P=0.035）降低，丙酸摩尔比例（二次曲线，P=0.064）先降低后增加，乙酸摩尔比例（二次曲线，P=0.098）先增加后降低；3）在青贮后，随收获期的延长，青贮玉米体外发酵时潜在最大产气量（一次线性，P=0.015）、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度（一次线性，P=0.017）及干物质消失率（一次线性，P=0.099）均下降，乙酸摩尔比例（一次线性，P=0.043）上升。结果显示，延长青贮玉米收获期，可提高生物量，改变营养成分，不会影响青贮品质，但会降低青贮后体外降解特性。

Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of harvest time on the silage quality and the in vitro fermentation characteristics of silage maize. The KEYU1108 silage maize was harvested at the middle and later periods of the milk-ripe stage as well as the initial and middle periods of the waxy-ripe stage, respectively. After harvest, the silage was processed and the quality was investigated at 90 d of ensiling. Subsequently, the oven-dried silage was fermented for 72 h by an in vitro gas production technique. The results showed that:1) Before the ensiling, with the prolonging of harvest time of the silage maize, the whole-plant biomass (linear, P<0.000 1), the straw biomass (linear, P=0.019 0), the grain biomass (linear, P<0.000 1), the hundred-grain weight (linear, P<0.000 1; quadratic, P=0.006), the grain ratio (linear, P<0.000 1) and the ether extract concentration (linear, P=0.037) were increased, the straw ratio (linear, P<0.000 1) and the crude protein concentration (linear, P=0.028) were decreased, the concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (quadratic, P=0.029) and acid detergent fiber (quadratic, P=0.067) were firstly decreased and then increased, and the water-soluble carbohydrate concentration (quadratic, P=0.001) was firstly increased and then decreased; 2) In the process of the ensiling, with the prolonging of harvest time of the silage maize, the isovalerate molar proportion (linear, P=0.035) was decreased, the propionate molar proportion (quadratic, P=0.064) was firstly decreased and then increased, and the acetate molar proportion (quadratic, P=0.098) was firstly increased and then decreased; 3) In the process of in vitro fermentation after the ensiling, with the prolonging of harvest time of the silage maize, the potential maximum gas production (linear, P=0.015), total volatile fatty acids concentration (linear, P=0.017) and the dry matter disappearance (linear, P=0.099) were decreased, and the acetate molar proportion (linear, P=0.043) was increased. The results suggested that the prolonging of harvest time of the silage maize could increase the biomass, change the nutrient compositions, not affect the silage quality, but reduce the degradation characteristics in vitro after ensiling.

中图分类号:

S816.53

杨大盛, 汪水平, 贺喜全, 李海强, 汤少勋, 卢琦, 范定坤, 杨鑫. 收获期对青贮玉米青贮品质及体外发酵特性的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(11): 2264-2272.

YANG Dasheng, WANG Shuiping, HE Xiquan, LI Haiqiang, TANG Shaoxun, LU Qi, FAN Dingkun, YANG Xin. Effect of Harvest Time on Silage Quality and in vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Silage Maize[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2019, 50(11): 2264-2272.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.xmsyxb.com/CN/10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2019.11.010

https://www.xmsyxb.com/CN/Y2019/V50/I11/2264

参考文献 25

[1]	JOHNSON L M,HARRISON J H,DAVIDSON D,et al.Corn silage management:effects of maturity,inoculation,and mechanical processing on pack density and aerobic stability[J].J Dairy Sci,2002,85(2):434-444.
[2]	FILYA I.Nutritive value and aerobic stability of whole crop maize silage harvested at four stages of maturity[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol, 2004,116(1-2):141-150.
[3]	HUNT C W,KEZAR W,VINANDE R.Yield,chemical composition,and ruminal fermentability of corn whole plant,ear,and stover as affected by hybrid[J].J Prod Agric,1989,5(2):286-290.
[4]	MENKE K H,RAAB L,SALEWSKI A,et al.The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro[J].J Agric Sci,1979,93(1):217-222.
[5]	WANG M,WANG R,TANG S X,et al.Comparisons of manual and automated incubation systems:effects of venting procedures on in vitro ruminal fermentation[J].Livest Sci,2016,184:41-45.
[6]	THEODOROU M K,WILLIAMS B A,DHANOA M S,et al.A simple gas production method using a pressure transducer to determine the fermentation kinetics of ruminant feed[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,1994,48(3-4):185-197.
[7]	ZAHIRODDINI H,BAAH J,ABSALOM W,et al.Effect of an inoculant and hydrolytic enzymes on fermentation and nutritive value of whole crop barley silage[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2004,117(3-4):317-330.
[8]	WANG M,SUN X Z,JANSSEN P H,et al.Responses of methane production and fermentation pathways to the increased dissolved hydrogen concentration generated by eight substrates in in vitro ruminal cultures[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2014,194:1-11.
[9]	BRODERICK G A,KANG J H.Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media[J].J Dairy Sci,1980,63(1):64-75.
[10]	WANG M,JANSSEN P H,SUN X Z,et al.A mathematical model to describe in vitro kinetics of H2 gas accumulation[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2013,184(1-4):1-16.
[11]	WANG M,TANG S X,TAN Z L.Modeling in vitro gas production kinetics:Derivation of Logistic-Exponential (LE) equations and comparison of models[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2011,165(3-4):137-150.
[12]	WANG M,SUN X Z,TANG S X,et al.Deriving fractional rate of degradation of logistic-exponential (LE) model to evaluate early in vitro fermentation[J].Anim,2013,7(6):920-929.
[13]	HASSANAT F,MUSTAFA A F,SEGUIN P.Effects of inoculation on ensiling characteristics,chemical composition and aerobic stability of regular and brown midrib millet silages[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2007,139(1-2):125-140.
[14]	和立文.全株玉米青贮品质评价及其对肉牛育肥性能和牛肉品质的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017.
	HE L W.Quality evaluation of corn silage and its effect on the growth performance and beef quality of finishing cattle[D]. Beijing:China Agricultural University,2017. (in Chinese)
[15]	王运涛,杨志敏,刘建成,等.品种和收获期对全株玉米生物产量和青贮品质的影响[J].草地学报,2018,26(1):261-263.
	WANG Y T,YANG Z M,LIU J C,et al.Effect of cultivars and harvest stages on the maize yield and silage quality[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2018,26(1):261-263. (in Chinese)
[16]	FERRARETTO L F,SHAVER R D,LUCK B D.Silage review:Recent advances and future technologies for whole-plant and fractionated corn silage harvesting[J].J Dairy Sci,2018,101(5):3937-3951.
[17]	FERRARETTO L F,CRUMP P M,SHAVER R D.Effect of ensiling time and exogenous protease addition to whole-plant corn silage of various hybrids,maturities,and chop lengths on nitrogen fractions and ruminal in vitro starch digestibility[J].J Dairy Sci,2015,98(12):8869-8881.
[18]	朱慧森,邹新平,玉柱,等.青贮玉米生产性能对收获期的响应及收获指数的探讨[J].畜牧兽医学报,2015,46(8):1375-1382.
	ZHU H S,ZOU X P,YU Z,et al.Response of productive qualities of corn silage to harvest time and exploration of harvest index of corn silage[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2015,46(8):1375-1382. (in Chinese)
[19]	姜富贵,成海建,刘栋,等.不同收获期对全株玉米青贮营养价值、发酵品质和瘤胃降解率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2019,31(6):2807-2815.
	JIANG F G,CHENG H J,LIU D,et al.Effects of different harvest stages on nutritional value,fermentation quality and Rumen degradability of whole corn silage[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(6):2807-2815. (in Chinese)
[20]	程银华,雷雪芹,徐廷生,等.玉米秸秆揉丝微贮与传统青贮饲料发酵过程中pH和微生物的变化[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2014,42(5):17-21.
	CHENG Y H,LEI X Q,XU T S,et al.Changes of pH and microorganism during the fermentation of microbial and traditional silages with corn straw knead wire[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University:Natural Science Edition,2014,42(5):17-21. (in Chinese)
[21]	YUAN X J,YU C Q,SHIMOJO M,et al.Improvement of fermentation and nutritive quality of straw-grass silage by inclusion of wet hulless-barley distillers' grains in Tibet[J].Asian Austral J Anim,2012,25(4):479-485.
[22]	冯仰廉.反刍动物营养学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
	FENG Y L.Nutrition of ruminant animals[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004. (in Chinese)
[23]	NGONYAMO-MAJEE D,SHAVER R D,COORS J G,et al.Influence of single-gene mutations,harvest maturity and sample processing on ruminal in situ and post-ruminal in vitro dry matter and starch degradability of corn grain by ruminants[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2009,151(3-4):240-250.
[24]	FERRARETTO L F,PAS R D S.Meta-analysis:Effect of corn silage harvest practices on intake,digestion,and milk production by dairy cows[J].Prof Anim Sci,2012,28(2):141-149.
[25]	JOHNSON L M,HARRISON J H,DAVIDSON D,et al.Corn silage management II:Effects of hybrid,maturity,and mechanical processing on digestion and energy content[J].J Dairy Sci,2002,85(11):2913-2927.

收获期对青贮玉米青贮品质及体外发酵特性的影响

Effect of Harvest Time on Silage Quality and in vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Silage Maize

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献 25

相关文章 4

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	任红阳, 郑林峰, 王自立, 王红亮. 混贮原料对全株玉米青贮粗蛋白质含量及发酵品质的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(11): 4526-4536.
[2]	王猛, 李尚民, 沈丹, 韩国锋, 李延森, 窦新红, 李春梅. 饲粮不同比例青贮玉米对仔鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2021, 52(12): 3501-3511.
[3]	孙肖慧，原现军，郭刚，闻爱友，王坚，余成群，邵涛. 添加乙醇和糖蜜对西藏地区燕麦和紫花苜蓿混合青贮发酵品质的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2014, 45(3): 417-425.
[4]	原现军, 余成群, 夏坤, 李志华, 下条雅敬, 邵涛. 添加青稞酒糟对西藏箭筈豌豆与苇状羊茅混合青贮发酵品质的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2012, 43(9): 1408-1414.